來源:網絡 作者:匿名 2009-11-04 15:53:29
一、概說
狀語從句即指在主從復合句用作狀語的從句。按照其意義,狀語從句可分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等。狀語從句是高中英語學習中的一個語法重點,也是歷年高考重點考查的內容之一。學習狀語從句主要應注意引導狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法與區別,以及從屬連詞在一定的語言環境中的意義與用法。
二、時間狀語從句
1. 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞很多,常見的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。
2. 表示“當…時候”的 while, when, as 的用法區別是:while從句中的謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞;表示帶有規律性的“每當”或當主、從句謂語動詞的動作發生有先后時,只能用 when;當表示“一邊…一邊…”或“隨著”時,只能用 as。另外,用于此義的 as 所引導的時間狀語從句謂語只能是動作動詞,不能是狀態動詞。如下面一道高考題的答案是 B 而不能是A:
“I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
3. until 在肯定句中通常只連用延續性動詞,表示相應動作結束的時間;在否定句中通常連用非延續性動詞,表示相應動作開始的時間,意為“直到…才”。如:
He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著一直到她準備離開。
I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才開始工作。
4. 表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外,還可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如:
I came immediately you called. 你一來電話我就來了。
Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她剛到就下起雪來了。
The moment I have finished I'll give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話。
5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 結尾的詞語也可用作連詞,引導時間狀語從句。如:
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進來,請關門。
He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我見到他時他什么也沒告訴我。
By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家時她已睡覺了。
三、條件狀語從句
1. 引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。如:
Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打電話,否則你別來。
If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔細瞧你會看出該怎樣做。
As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你盡力,我們就滿意了。
2. in case 也可引導條件狀語從句,其意為“如果”、“萬一”。如:
In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,請提醒我。
四、讓步狀語從句
1. 引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不論…還是)等連詞。如:
The speech is good, though it could be better. 這次演講不錯,雖然還可以再好一點。
He went out even though it was raining. 盡管下雨,他還是出去了。
2. as 也可引導讓步狀語從句,但要將名詞、形容詞或副詞等提到 as 前,若提前的是單數可數名詞,要省略 a / an。如:
Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 雖然是老師,他也不可能什么都懂。
3. 連詞 while 有時也可表示“盡管”、“雖然”,引導讓步狀語從句。如:
While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 盡管我們意見不同,我們還是朋友。
4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導讓步狀語從句。如:
Don’t lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么,都不要灰心。
Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是誰,你都不能從這里通過。
注:表示“雖然”的 though, although 不可與 but 連用,但可與 yet, still 連用。
五、原因狀語從句
1. 引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等:
They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他們不可能出去了,因為燈還亮著。
Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去,我也去。
Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 現在我們單獨在一起,可以隨便談了。
2. 除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外,when有時也可引導原因狀語從句,其意“既然”。如:
I can’t tell you when you won't listen. 既然你不想聽,我就不告訴你了。
3. 有關原因狀語從句還應注意以下幾點:
(1) as 與 since, now that 一樣表示雙方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于強調結構被強調。
(2) 當表示直接的因果關系,回答 why 時,或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副詞修飾時,或用在強調結構中都只能用 because。
(3) for 有時也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,對前一分句加以解釋或推斷。
(4) 不要受漢語意思影響將表示“因為”的連詞與表示“所以”的 so 連用。
六、地點狀語從句
引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有where (在…的地方), wherever(無論什么地方), everywhere(每個…地方), anywhere(任何…地方)。如:
I’m not living where I was. 我不在原處住了。
You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能隨便在哪兒宿營。
Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都發現同樣情況。
2. 有的同學認為地點狀語從句在平時見得不多,誤認為考試不會涉及,但恰恰相反,地點狀語從句卻是英語考試經常考查的一個知識點。請看以下考題:
(1) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.
A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where
(2) After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
(4) She found her calculator ______ she lost it.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
以上四題均選where,其意為“在…的地方”,用以引導地點狀語從句。
七、目的狀語從句
1. 引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如:
I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一條船去釣魚。
Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 帶著雨衣以防下雨。
He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力學習,是為了能通過考試。
2. 引導目的狀語從句的 so that 有時可省so 或 that,即單獨用 so 或 that 來引導目的狀語從句。如:
Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔細檢查,以便任何錯誤都可檢查出。
Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。
八、結果狀語從句
引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。如:
He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他氣得話都說不出來。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關窗子用力很大,結果玻璃震破了。
注:so…that和such…that中的that有時(尤其在口語中)可省略。
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