來源:中考網整合 2010-09-17 16:50:14
用所給詞的適當形式填空是中考常見的試題類型之一,旨在考查學生的英語基礎知識和綜合運用英語的能力。解此類型的試題可遵循以下步驟:1.明確所給詞的詞性 2.弄清所給句子的意思 3.確定空白處所需的詞性 4.正確寫出所填的詞
用所給詞的適當形式填空主要考查以下詞類:
對名詞的考查
1.考查可數名詞的單數形式轉換成復數形式
1).可數名詞的單數形式轉換成復數形式(規則變化)
①一般情況下直接在單數名詞之后加-s變為復數名詞。例如:desk→desks key→keys monkey→monkeys boy→boys等
②以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,結尾的單數名詞變為復數名詞時,在單數名詞之后加-es。例如:fox→foxes boss→bosses bus→buses class→classes dress→dresses witness→witnesses address→addresses beach→beaches
coach→coaches couch→couches inch→inches sandwich→sanwiches church→churches watch→watches match→matches speech→speeches witch→witches dish→dishes brush→brushes fish→fishes(魚的種類) toothbrush→toothbrushes等。
③以o結尾的單數名詞變為復數名詞時,在單數名詞之后加-s的有: zoo→zoos radio→radios photo→photos piano→pianos kilo→kilos mango→mangos(es) bamboo→bamboos kangaroo→kangaroos
加-es有:tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes dodo→dodoes/s
hero→heroes
④以輔音字母+y結尾的單數名詞變為復數名詞時,先變y為i,再加-es。例如:family→families lady→ladies baby→bibies copy→copies
body→bodies century→centuries diary→diaries dictionary→dictionaries factory→factories library→libaries battery→batteries buddy→buddies
documentry→documentries ability→abilities country→countries butterfly→butterflies enemy→enem ies memory→memories balcony→balconies laboratory→laboratrories beauty→beauties charity→charities comedy→comedies quallity→quallities reply→replies difficulty→difficulties theropy→theropies mystery→mysteries hobby→hobbies story→stories,
city→cities laundry→laundries activity→activities等。
⑤以f或 fe結尾的單數名詞變為復數名詞時,先變f或 fe為v,再加-es。例如:half→halves knife→knives wife→wives leaf→leaves shelf→shelves herself→themseves scalf→scalfs/scalves wolf→wolves loaf→loaves等。
部分以f/fe結尾的單詞,把f/fe變為ves,這里有一首打油詩可以幫你總結復合 這條規律的單詞:
妻子騎狼拿起刀, wife--wives; wolf----wolves; knife----knives;
追得小偷滿街跑, thief---thieves;
碰倒架子喪己 命, shelf---shelves; self---selves(myself→ourselves, yourself→yourselves, himself/herself/itself→themselves); life----lives
頭巾 樹葉 半 空飄. scarf ----scarves, leaf----leaves half----halves
2).可數名詞的單數形式轉換成復數形式(不規則變化)
foot→feet tooth→teeth child→children man→men woman→women policeman→policemen policewoman→policewomen
Frenchman→Frenchmen snowman→snowmen
businessman→businessmen Englishman→Englishmen
gentleman→gentlemen salesman→salesmen
mouse→mice(作"鼠標"解mice/mouses)
sheep→sheep Chinese→Chinese
Japanese→Japanese fish→fish goldfish→goldfish等。
注意:常見的不可數名詞:
(1).即使其前面有形容詞修飾,也不可以用不定冠詞a/an。 如: advice(建議) age(年齡) anger beauty【作"美麗的人或物"講,可數】 bravery(勇敢) change(零錢) courage(勇氣) culture evidence energy envy experience(經驗)【作"經歷"講,可數】 food fun furniture hair【作"幾根頭發"講,可數】 happiness(幸福) harm health(健康) homework honour(榮譽) ice importance(重要性) industry information kindness labour literature luck luggage marriage money music nature news paper(紙)【作"試卷"或"報紙"講,可數】 peace permission power produce progress research rubbish safety salt sand silence strength snow 【作" 積雪"講,用復數】stationery success(成功)【作" 成功的事或人"講,可數】 time(時間)【作"次數"講,可數】traffic transport travel truth unluck value waste water weather wind wisdom work (工作) 【作"著作"講,可數】
(2). (其前有形容詞修飾),可以用不定冠詞a/an: breakfast comfort a good education danger death dinner help honor horror joy knowledge lunch rain sleep pleasure pride pity shame supper support surprise shock wonder【作" 令人驚訝之物"或"奇跡"講,可數】 worry【作" 令人擔心的事或人"講,可數】等。
(3).只有復數形式的名詞:clothes glasses(眼鏡) people trousers goods(商品) wishes(祝愿) congratulations(祝賀) thanks(感謝)等。
(4).只能用作可數名詞的抽象名詞。如:answer(答案) case(情況) event(事件) idea(想法) mistake(錯誤) situation(局勢) 等。
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