來源:中考網整合 作者:碧月風荷 2011-03-01 17:40:09
英語句子是由主語(subject), 謂語動詞(verb),賓語(object), 表語(predicative),狀語(adverbial),賓語補足語(object complement)等成分組成,按照這些成分的組合方式英語句子可分為五種基本句型。
句型一:主語+不及物動詞
不及物動詞本身就可以表達完整的意念, 不需要賓語及補語, 但有時可有副詞, 介詞短語等狀語修飾語。
e.g. The rain stopped .
The old man walks in the park .
句型一的擴展:1.主語+不及物動詞+狀語
e.g. The machine works smoothly. (機器運轉正常。)
2.There +不及物動詞+主語
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .
There comes the bus .
3. 主語+不及物動詞+ 動詞不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他們停下來稍作休息)
特別提醒
動詞stop 可用作不及物動詞,也可用作及物動詞。作不及物動詞時, 通常后接動詞不定式,表示停下來的目的是做另一件事。作及物動詞時,通常后接動名詞,表示停止做這件事。
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
句型二 :主語+系動詞+表語
系動詞本身不能表達完整的意念沒,需要形容詞,名詞,介詞短語等來補充說明主語,也叫主語補語。
e.g. My sister is a nurse .
I feel quite hungry .
The ball is under the desk .
句型三:主語+及物動詞+賓語
及物動詞本身需要一個動作的接受者(賓語),才可以表達一個完整的意念。
e.g. We are learning English .
Do you know him ?
Your radio needs repairing .
She hopes to see her uncle.
句型四:主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語
有些及物動詞需要兩個賓語才能表達一個完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
Give me the book, please.
特別提醒
A. 在此句型中, 通常是間接賓語(人)在前,直接賓語(物)在后,有時直接賓語和間接賓語可以對調,這時間接賓語前應加上適當的介詞。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .
Give the book to me , please .
直接賓語與間接賓語對調時,間接賓語前加介詞to的動詞有:
give(給), tell(告訴) , lend(借給) , sell(賣), teach(教) , send(寄給), write(寫給), show(出示) , return(還給), bring(帶給), pass(遞給), leave(留給), offer(提供), hand(交給)
間接賓語前加介詞for的動詞有:
buy(買), choose(選擇), get (弄到), make(做), order(訂購), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)
B. 如果直接賓語為人稱代詞那么必須把直接賓放在間接賓語前,且間接賓語前要加上適當的介詞。
e.g. I handed it to our teacher .
不能說:I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型變為被動語態時,可分為兩種情況。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五:主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語
及物動詞本身需要一個賓語外, 還需要一個名詞,形容詞,副詞, 動詞不定式,分詞來補充說明賓語,才能表達一個完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.
The news made us sad.
She saw the thief steal into the shop .
The teacher asked me to answer the question .
I found the man stealing the money .
I found my money stolen .
特別提醒
A. 現在分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與現在分詞之間是主動關系;過去分詞為賓語補足語時,賓語與過去分詞之間是被動關系。
B. 在let(讓),make(使得),have(請,讓,使得),see(看),hear(聽到),watch(觀看),feel(感覺到),listen to (傾聽),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等動詞后的賓語補足語如果為不定式, 則省掉"to",但變為被動語態時, 則要帶"to".
e.g. We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door .
C. 此句型變為被動語態時,只有一種情況。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man's money.
He was seen to steal the old man's money
歡迎使用手機、平板等移動設備訪問中考網,2023中考一路陪伴同行!>>點擊查看