來源:西安中考網 作者:西安中考網 2012-08-16 14:50:53
西安中考網8月16日 介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關系的虛詞,在句中不能單獨作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類,短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構成介詞詞組,在句中作狀語,表語,補語或介詞賓語。介詞可以分為時間介詞、地點介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞,
一、介詞按其構成可分為:
1. 簡單介詞 at, in, on, to, since, until 等。
如:
He's worked there since 1998.
2. 復合介詞 into, onto, out of 等。
如:
She is out of school. 她畢業了。
3. 二重介詞 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in 等。
如:
I'm from out of town. 我是從城外來的。
4. 短語介詞 because of, instead of, in spite of 等。
如:
I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.
我回去不是因為下雨,而是因為我累了。
二、介詞的作用:
1. 表示地點:after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under 等。
如:
Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子們正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。
They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他們躺在一棵樹的樹陰下。
2. 表示時間:about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until 等。
如:
After class he will tell us about the accident. 課后他將告訴我們有關事故的情況。
A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一場大雨下了整整三天。
The accident happened during the night. 事故發生在夜間。
3. 表示動作:at, across, around, on, over, under 等。
如:
The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞太陽運行。
The car is under repair. 汽車在修理中。
4. 表示比較:as, like, above, over, with 等。
如:
She was something like her sister. 她有幾份像她的妹妹。
Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英語相比,漢語難得多。
5. 表示原因:about, for, from, with 等。
如:
Don't worry about my lessons. 不要擔心我的功課。
Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能來。
He was angry with what I did. 他對我所做的很氣憤。
6. 表示條件:to, with, without 等。
如:
Without your advice, he would have failed. 沒有你的忠告他可能已經失敗了。
7. 表示手段、方式:as, by, in, with 等。
如:
He behaved as a drunkard. 他的舉止如同醉漢一樣。
Learn the new words by heart. 記住這些生詞。
We see with our eyes. 我們用眼睛看。
8. 表示距離、數量:from, in, within 等。
如:
My house is ten miles from the school. 我家離學校十英里。
They were thirty in all. 他們總共有三十人。
9. 表示目的:as, for 等。
如:
I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它當作笑話講的。
It's time for class. 到上課的時間了。
10. 表示讓步:for, with 等。
如:
For all his effort, he didn't succeed. 雖然他做了一番努力,仍不能成功。
With all his money, he is unhappy. 盡管他有錢,但他并不快樂。
for 還可以引導插入語,
例如:
I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反對這個提議。
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