1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間連用，(如表示過去的時(shí)間狀語）

　　如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用.

　　2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用

　　,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑問）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:

　　He has already obtained a scholarship.

　　I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).

　　We have seen that film before.

　　Have they found the missing child yet ?

　　3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,

　　如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:

　　Have you ever been to Beijing

　　I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.

　　I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.

　　George has met that gentleman on several occasions.

　　4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,

　　如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:

　　Peter has written six papers so far.

　　Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.

　　There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.

　　The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.

　　Up to the present everything has been successful.

　　5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.

　　We have had four texts this semester.

　　6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"完成用法"

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"完成用法"指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束，但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。

　　例如：He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。(動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況--燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)"完成用法"的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作不延續(xù)，因此，該時(shí)態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時(shí)間狀語(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、頻度時(shí)間狀語(如：never，ever，once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)連用。

　　例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？

　　7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"未完成用法"

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"未完成用法"指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。

　　例如：He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)

　　I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。(動(dòng)作開始于5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。)

　　此種用法的句中常需一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(由since或for引導(dǎo))，或表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻相連的時(shí)間狀語(如：up to now，so far)等。

　　例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。

　　注意：(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用于終止性動(dòng)詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)詞。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。

　　8.一段時(shí)間+has passed+since從句

　　9. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和短語 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是從過去某一確定的時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在.)

　　Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已讀過好多故事書。

　　I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到紐約去過三次。

　　10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別

　　gone:去了沒回

　　been to :去過

　　been in：呆了很久

　　10.不能與when連用
 

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