新一輪中考復(fù)習(xí)備考周期正式開始,中考網(wǎng)為各位初三考生整理了中考五大必考學(xué)科的知識點(diǎn),主要是對初中三年各學(xué)科知識點(diǎn)的梳理和細(xì)化,幫助各位考生理清知識脈絡(luò),熟悉答題思路,希望各位考生可以在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績!下面是《2018初中英語語法之賓語從句講解》,僅供參考!
1.語序
無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句,賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序,即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分,可分為以下四種:
1)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有:who,what,which等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西?
2)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間里有多少人。
3)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much,when,why,how,where,if/whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)等。如:
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?
4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:
Do you know which class he is in?你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。
2.連接詞
1)當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí),用that引導(dǎo),that無詞義,在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如:
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。
2)當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí),用if或whether引導(dǎo),意為“是否”。如:
I don't know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。
但在下列情況下只能用whether:
、僭诰哂羞x擇意義,又有or或or not時(shí),尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí),往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether/if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)讓我知道他是否能來。
I don't know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我們是去還是留。
、谠诮樵~之后用whether。如:
I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。
、墼诓欢ㄊ角坝脀hether。如:
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。
、躻hether置于句首時(shí),不能換用if。如:
Whether this is true or not,I can't say.這是否真的我說不上來。
、菀龑(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時(shí)宜用whether。如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來還是個(gè)問題。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。
⑥若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí),則用whether。如:
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為:
a.Please let me know whether you like the book.請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。
b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書,請告訴我。
3)如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句,只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如:
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會(huì)遲到嗎?
3.時(shí)態(tài)
含賓語從句的復(fù)合句,主、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容:
1)如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要,選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如:
I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。
2)如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí),賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要,選用過去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如:
①The children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰。
、贖e asked his father how it happened.他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。
3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等,不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài),從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
4.注意:
if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句,應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”,其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng);它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí),意思分別為“如果,假如”和“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來時(shí)時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如:
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來嗎?
—Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.對不起,不知道。當(dāng)他回來了,我將告訴你。
—I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會(huì)來。
—He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他會(huì)來的。
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