第16講 There be句型與中考試題
There be句型的基本用法是表示"某地(或某時(shí))有某人(或某物)",其形式為"Therebe+代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"。這里there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義,be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,代詞或名詞(短語(yǔ))是主語(yǔ)。be要與主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑問句是將be放在句首;反意疑問句中的簡(jiǎn)短問句是由"be(或其否定式)+there"構(gòu)成。例如:
1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(緊挨著be動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是a desk,是單數(shù),故be的形式要用is)
2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)
3.Is there anything wrong with your ears?(Yes,there is./No,there isn't.)
4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday,was there?(反意疑問句)
除此之外,還有一個(gè)重要句式"有某人在做某事",要用"There be +sb.+doing sth.+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"。例如:
There are several children swimming in the river.河里有幾個(gè)孩子在游泳。
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中常見的時(shí)態(tài)有如下幾種情況:
通過上表可知:各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過 be動(dòng)詞的變化來體現(xiàn)的。至于你提到的兩個(gè)句子我們先不考慮對(duì)錯(cuò),首要的問題是弄清楚There be與have所表示的意義。There be句型表示"存在"關(guān)系,have表示"所屬"關(guān)系,兩者不能混合在一個(gè)句子中。例如,要說"明天有一個(gè)班會(huì)。"(1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(×)(2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.(√)有時(shí)候既表示"存在"又表示"所屬"時(shí)兩種都可以用。例如:Class Three have a map of China on the wall.("地圖"為三班學(xué)生所有)There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.("地圖"存在于三班)由此看來,There will have是錯(cuò)誤的。
復(fù)習(xí)There be句型時(shí)除了掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)外,還應(yīng)注意以下問題:
1.There be句型的考查更多的是將be動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行的,即主謂的一致性。例如:
(1)There is _____ on the floor.
(2)There are _____ on the floor.
選項(xiàng):A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football解析:(1)由is可知主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,而A、D項(xiàng)中都缺少冠詞a,故選B,同理可知(2)應(yīng)選C。
2.如果作主語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)短語(yǔ),則常常考查短語(yǔ)中的修飾語(yǔ)。可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式前可以用any,som e,few,a few,m any或用數(shù)詞 +hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/ thousands/millions of,no等修飾;不可數(shù)名詞可以受any,some,no,little,a little,much等詞的修飾。例如:
(1)There were _____ students in our school.
A.hundreds B.eight hundred C.eight hundreds of
(2)There is _____ water.You needn't get some more.
A.few B.little C.much
解析:(1)由數(shù)詞與名詞的搭配關(guān)系可知選B,(2)由water可知排除A項(xiàng),再由后一句意思便知選C。
3.注意不定代詞的用法。
(1)不定代詞在句中作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:There is nothing in the fridge.(2)不定代詞受形容詞修飾時(shí)要放在形容詞的前面。例如:There is something interesting in today's newspaper.
4.There be句型的反意疑問句,要注意陳述部分的形式。
如果陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle,few,no,nobody,none等否定詞時(shí),后面的簡(jiǎn)短問句中要用肯定形式。例如:There is nobody in the room,is there?
但有的含有否定意義的形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)則仍看作肯定句式。例如:There is something unusual in the room,isn't there?
5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。
有的句子單獨(dú)看其意義時(shí),可能不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)適合于它,但如果聯(lián)系上下句的意思則只能有一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。例如:(1)There is _____ food.You needn't buy any.(2) There is _____ food.You have to buy some.(A.a(chǎn)ny B.some C.no)從這兩題中的第一個(gè)句子來看均可選用some和no,但與后面的句意結(jié)合看,答案則是的:(1)B,(2)C。
There be句型命題趨向有兩個(gè)方面:一是進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)知識(shí)的理解與運(yùn)用方面的考查。例如be動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的一致性、名詞或代詞的修飾語(yǔ)、搭配關(guān)系、含否定詞的反意疑問句等。二是有可能出現(xiàn)"有某人在做某事"這一句型,即"There be +sb.+doing sth.+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"。
下面是一些英語(yǔ)中考試題原題:
1.There are _____ days in a week.
A.the seven B.seventh C.the seventh D.seven
2.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let's go and buy som e peas,carrots and cabbages.
A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs
3.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.
A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl
4.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.
A.hundreds B.hundreds of C.hundred
5.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.
A.many B.a(chǎn) few C.much D.few
6.-Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.
-It doesn't matter,let's wait for the next.
A.ground B.floor C.place D.room
7.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.
A.was B.will be C.will have D.a(chǎn)re going to be
8.There _____ a football gam e in our school.
A.has B.will have C.will be
9.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.
A.have;on B.be;on C.have;for D.be;of
10.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.
A.a(chǎn)ny B.some C.no
11.There is _____ in the bag.It's em pty.
A.nothing B.something C.a(chǎn)nything D.somebody
12.There is _____ knocking at the door.Go and see who it is.
A.nobody B.somebody C.a(chǎn)nybody D.everybody
13.-Is there _____ wrong with me, doctor?
-I'm afraid so.Your heart is beating a bit too slow.
A.something B.a(chǎn)nything C.everything D.nothing
14.There is _____ interesting on this channel.Try others.
A.nothing
B.none
C.a(chǎn)nything
D.no
15.There is _____ interesting in the film,so _____ is interested in it.
A.something;nobody B.nothing;somebody
C.a(chǎn)nything;anybody D.nothing;nobody
16.There is _____ in today's newspaper.
A.nothing new B.a(chǎn)nything new
C.new anything D.new something
17.There is _____ in today's newspaper.
A.new anything B.new something
C.a(chǎn)nything new D.something new
18.There will be a volleyball match in our school, _____ ?
A.be there B.is there
C.will there D.won't there
19.There is little water in the bottle.(改為反意疑問句)
There is little water in the bottle, _____ _____ ?
20.There is som ething unusual on the island.(改為反意疑問句)
There is som ething unusual on the island, _____ _____ ?
Key:
●There be句型與中考試題
1-5 D A C C C
6-10 D B C B C
11-15 A B B A D
16-18 A D D 19.is there 20.isn't there
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