來源:網絡資源 作者:中考網整理 2020-01-15 17:33:05
一般將來時
標志:will / shall + 動詞原形
1. 表示將來發生的動作或存在的狀態,通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用(e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等)。如:
We shall have a lot of rain next month.
My husband will come back in a few days.
2. 表示傾向性和習慣性:
Fish will die without water.
When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.
3. 一般將來時的幾種句式結構辨析:
1) will / shall + 動詞原形
多用于表達主觀愿望或必定會發生的事情(“將會如何”)
*shall作助動詞時一般只用于第一人稱
2) be going to + 動詞原形
表示即將發生或打算要做的事:
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
3) be to + 動詞原形
表示按計劃或安排即將要發生的動作:
He is to visit Japan next year.
We are to discuss the report on Monday.
4) be about to + 動詞原形
表示即將發生的動作,意為“馬上要做某事”,后面一般不跟時間狀語,如:
The plane is about to start.
Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.
4
現在進行時
標志:be + 動詞的現在分詞
1. 表示說話時正在進行的動作:
She is writing a letter upstairs.
Who are you waiting for?
It is raining hard.
2. 表示現階段一直在進行的動作(說話時動作未必正在進行):
I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.
3. 表示反復出現或習慣性的動作,往往包含說話者贊揚、責備、厭惡等情緒,通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如:
John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.
He is always thinking of others first.
4. 表示將來
1) 表示按計劃、安排將要發生的動作,僅適用于部分趨向動詞(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:
Uncle Wang is coming.
They're leaving for Beijing.
2) 在時間和條件狀語從句中,現在進行時表示將來某時正在發生的事情。如:
Please drop in when you are passing my way.
If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.
5
過去進行時
標志:was / were + 動詞的現在分詞
1. 表示過去某一時刻或一段時間正在進行的動作,過去進行時中常用的時間狀語有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如:
I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.
They were watching TV at home last night.
2. 表示過去反復出現或習慣性的動作,往往包含說話者贊揚、責備、厭惡等情緒,通常與always, constantly, continually, forever等頻度副詞連用。如:
My brother was always losing his keys.
3. 表示按計劃、安排過去某時刻將要發生的動作,僅適用于部分趨向動詞(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.
4. 過去進行時有一個主要用法就是描述一件事情發生的背景(一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生):
Granny fell asleep when she was reading.
It was raining when they left the station.
6
現在完成時
標志:have / has + 動詞的過去分詞
1. 表示一個過去發生并已完成的動作對現在產生影響或結果,強調的是現在的狀況(表示“已完成”)。如:
He has left the city. (結果:他目前不在這個城市)
Someone has broken the window. (結果:窗戶破了)
2. 表示一個動作開始于過去,持續到現在,也可能還會繼續持續下去(表示“未完成”)。
I have been busy since last week.
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
I’ve finished half so far.
注意 瞬間動詞通常是不能用現在完成時表持續性的,但其否定結構則可以。如:
She hasn’t seen you for ages.
His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.
3. 表示過去到現在為止反復發生的動作或多次出現的狀態,常與表示頻度的副詞always, often, every day等連用。如:
I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.
4. 在時間和條件狀語從句中,現在完成時表示將來某時完成的動作。如:
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.
5. 與現在完成時連用的常見詞語
能與現在完成時連用的詞語很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常見的有:
1) since 自從
I have been there many times since the war.
We haven’t seen each other since last week.
We have been friends ever since.
2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在過去/最近…中
I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.
Great changes have take place in the last ten years.
I have been here (for) the last/past month.
3) so far 到目前為止
We haven’t had any trouble so far.
So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.
4) up to/until now 到現在為止
Up to now he’s been quiet.
Up to now, the work has been easy.
I have heard nothing from him up till now.
Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.
5) It is/will be the first/second … time that … 這是第一/二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.
It is the second time (that) I have met him today.
6) This is + 形容詞最高級 + that … 這是最…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
6. 現在完成時與一般過去時的區別
1) 現在完成時強調對現在的影響和結果,與現在有聯系;
而一般過去時強調這個動作發生的時間是在過去,不涉及對現在的影響。如:
I have seen this film. (我已經看過了這部電影)
I saw this film yesterday. (我是昨天看的這部電影)
2) 現在完成時常與模糊的時間狀語連用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等),或者干脆沒有時間狀語;
而一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用(如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等)。
3) 現在完成時表示持續時一般使用延續性動詞(如live, teach, work, know等);
而一般過去時常使用瞬間動詞(如begin, buy, die, marry等)。如:
He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.
My grandfather bought the car five years ago.
7. 易錯點辨析
1) 考生容易把一些瞬間動詞用現在完成時表達,這是錯誤的。如:
(×) He has died for two years. 他死了兩年了。
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