先行詞指物  which/ that

　　定語從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞（即先行詞）后

　　三、關(guān)系代詞

　　關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，所以從句中不可再出現(xiàn)其他代替先行詞的代詞

　　四、翻譯方法   “…. 的”

　　Whom： 先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語（包括介詞的賓語）， 與who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom

　　1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.

　　2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.

　　Whose ： 指人或物，作定語，表示 “…的”

　　eg： Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.

　　關(guān)系代詞只能 that 的特殊情況：

　　1.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時：

　　This is the first gift that my parents bought me.

　　2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時：

　　This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.

　　3. 先行詞是不定代詞something， anything等時.

　　e.g.  Is there anything that you want in this shop

　　4.  先行詞是人和物時， 用that.

　　e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

　　5. 先行詞被all ， little ， the only ， the very(就是，正是)， the last 等詞修飾時，只能用that

　　e.g.  This is the last place that I want to visit.

　　6. 特殊疑問句以who 或which 開頭，只能用that引導(dǎo).

　　Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform？

　　當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時：

　　物+介詞+which ；   人+ 介詞 + whom

　　當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時：

　　e.g.  1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.

　　2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.

　　狀語從句

　　一、定義

　　在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。

　　二、狀語從句一般分為八大類

　　時間狀語從句   地點狀語從句

　　原因狀語從句   目的狀語從句

　　結(jié)果狀語從句   條件狀語從句

　　方式狀語從句   讓步狀語從句

　　1. 時間狀語從句

　　When  ---當(dāng)……時候， 通常指某一特定的時間點，主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。

　　When I opened the window， I saw him come up.

　　When --- 正在……的時候，突然…。通常主句是進行時或     be about to 時，在翻譯的時候，when 可以譯成沒想到或突然。

　　I was walking along the street ， when I met him.

　　When 當(dāng)從句是進行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿。

　　Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.

　　When=after

　　When the children had gone to bed， she began to prepare her lessons.

　　While ---在……期間，往往指一段時間。

　　While we were inAmerica， we saw him twice.

　　While ---表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。

　　We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.

　　As --- 一邊……一邊， 隨著

　　She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

　　As --- 當(dāng)……時，指一個動作緊接著一個動作發(fā)生，從句通常用進行時。

　　As I was going out， it began to rain.

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