來源:網絡來源 作者:中考網編輯 2021-03-20 11:19:05
中考網整理了關于2021中考英語知識點之動詞不定式與動名詞,希望對同學們有所幫助,僅供參考。
非謂語動詞一
動詞不定式:在英語中,不充當句子謂語的動詞,叫作非謂語動詞。由于非謂語動詞不受主語的限制,沒有時態和語態,所以又叫非限定動詞。非限定動詞有三種形式:動詞不定式;動名詞和分詞。
1.動詞不定式的構成和性質
動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞,所謂非謂語動詞就是不能作謂語的動詞。正因為如此,它不受主語的人稱和數的限制,沒有人稱和數的變化,但它具有動詞的某些特征,可以帶賓語和狀語構成不定式短語。其構成是:“to+動詞原形”,否定式是“not to+動詞原形”。to是不定式符號,無詞義。
2.動詞不定式的用法
動詞不定式除了不能作謂語外,可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。
①作主語
To learn English well is not easy.
To drive fast is quite dangerous.
不定式作主語時常常用it作形式主語,不定式放在謂語之后以上兩個例句可以寫成:
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is quite dangerous to drive fast.
這種用法可以歸納成這樣一個句型:
It is(not)+形容詞+(for sb.)to do sth.
It is very expensive for me to buy a car.
It is very difficult for a child to do that job.
有些形容詞之后跟of+名詞(代詞賓語)+不定式。如:
It is very kind of you to say so.It is very good of you to come.
②作表語。如:
My job is to teach English.The first thing is to ring him up.
③作賓語。如:
She wanted to ask you a question.He forgot to turn off the light.
We decided to hold a class meeting.
常見的可以用不定式作賓語的動詞有:like,love,begin,start,try,ask,prefer,hate,find等,有些形容詞可接不定式,這種不定式也可作賓語。如:
I’m very glad to see youHe’s sure to come.
④作賓語補足語
不定式是用來補充說明賓語的,通常不定式的動作是賓語發出的。可以帶不定式作賓補的動詞有:ask sb.To do sth.want sb.To do sth.
tell sb.To do sth.like sb.To do sth.help sb.(to)do sth.,還有些動詞可以跟省略to的不定式作賓語補足語。如:hear,watch,see,feel,make,let,have等。如:
I often help my mother do housework.
⑤作定語:常常放在所修飾的名詞、代詞之后,如:
I have a lot of of work to do.He wants something to drink.
⑥作狀語。如:
He went to the station to meet his friend.(表目的)
She has gone to the market to buy some vegetables.(表目的)
I’m so glad to hear that you have passed the exam.(表原因)
The boy is too young to go to school.(表結果)
3.疑問詞加動詞不定式
疑問代詞when,who,which和疑問副詞when,where,why,how等加動詞不定式,在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等成分。如:
I’m don’t know how to use the computer.(作賓語)
We can’t decide which one to buy.(作賓語)
The question is how to get there.(作表語)
When to start has not been decided.(作主語)
非謂語動詞二
動名詞:動名詞具有名詞的特性,它在句子里主要起到主語、賓語和介詞賓語的作用。
歡迎使用手機、平板等移動設備訪問中考網,2024中考一路陪伴同行!>>點擊查看