來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)來源 作者:中考網(wǎng)整合 2021-10-17 19:39:31
6)be about + 動(dòng)詞不定式,表示馬上,很快作某事。
They are about to leave.
(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示說話者說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 它注重
現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,而不管動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)間開始,到什么時(shí)間結(jié)束。
What are you doing now?
I am looking for my key.
2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(但說話時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作不一定在進(jìn)行)。
The students are preparing for the examination.
3) 某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這些動(dòng)詞有 arrive, come, leave, start等。
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
【注意】有些動(dòng)詞一般不可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
①表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,尤其是靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如:be, have
②表示認(rèn)識(shí)、知覺和情感的動(dòng)詞,如:know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動(dòng)作。
I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.
They have cleaned the classroom.
2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與for 和 since 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。
We have lived here since 1976.
They have waited for more than two hours.
【注意】
一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
試比較:
I saw this film yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了,不涉及現(xiàn)在)
I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)
(6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。例如:
I was watching TV when she came to see me.
【注意】
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是過去發(fā)生的事情,但過去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)進(jìn)行,而一般過去時(shí)則表示單純的過去事實(shí),例如:
They were building a house last month. (上個(gè)月正在建造,建造好與否不知)
They built a new house last month. (上個(gè)月建造好了,動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)
(7)過去完成時(shí)的用法
過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài),過去完成時(shí)常和 by , before 等詞組成的短語(yǔ)和從句連用。
We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.
When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.
(8)過去將來時(shí)的用法
過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在地狀態(tài),過去將來時(shí)較多地被運(yùn)用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如:
They were going to have a meeting.
I told him that I would see him off at the station.
2.動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
(1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是: be +及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞
2) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要是及物動(dòng)詞
因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等,也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
The children were taken good care of by her.
【注意】
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不可遺漏。
3) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要加“to”的情況
若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to 的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),該不定式前要加"to"。此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞,如:feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如:
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
4) 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義
如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等動(dòng)詞雖然用做主動(dòng)形式卻表示被動(dòng)的意義。例如:
The food tastes good.
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