動詞不定式的定義

(語態)動詞和參與此動作的主語之間關系的一個術語。當主語是動作的發起者(或之一)時，稱為主動語態;

如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動語態形式。如：

It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語是被動語態to be invited是被邀請)

It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語)

I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語)

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語)

He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語)

在There be結構中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動，也可用主動。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

形式

1) 現在式：一般現在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生，有時發生在謂語動詞的動作之后。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.　我希望再見到你。

2) 完成式：表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3)進行式：表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。

He seems to be eating something.

4)完成進行式：

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在表示情緒的動詞后加to do也表將來

疑問詞

疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表 語等。如：

①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主語)

②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做賓語)

③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接賓語)

④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表語)

以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分，均可轉換為相應的從句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…how I

could learn……

經常在這種結構中使用的動詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。

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