非謂語動詞專項練習

動名詞

1.形式同現在分詞有四種:

一般主動式doing

一般被動式being done

完成主動式having done

完成被動式having been done

2.動名詞的基本用法：

作主語：Seeing is believing. /Talking is easier than doing. /It isn’t necessary explaining to him. /It’s no use waiting here.

作表語：My hobby(愛好)is collecting stamps . /His job is washing and cooking.

作賓語：When he came in , we all stopped talking . /He has given up smoking. /We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. /Are you fond of dancing ? /The boy isn’t worth teaching.

注 有些動詞后只能跟不定式作賓語。有些動詞后只能跟動名詞作賓語，有些動詞后跟不定式。動名詞作賓語含義不同。詳見第6點。

作定語：This is her father’s walking stick.

1. 動名詞的復合結構：

形式：his/him working there, Wang Dong’s/Wang Dong working

there

語法功能：

作主語：Your smoking too much will do harm to your health.(動名詞的復合結構在句首作主語時，只能用sb’s的形式，此句中的Your不可改為You。)

作賓語：I don’t like his/him staying with us.

作表語：My joy is his winning the table-tennis game.(his不能改為him)

2. 動名詞的完成式：

動名詞的一般式所表示的動作為一種時間要領不強的或泛指的動作，或是與句中謂語同時發生。或在謂語之后發生的動作。

如果動名詞的動作發生在謂語動作之前，則要用完成式。例如：

We were praised for having completed our task ahead of time.

lending g

在remember, forget, regret, excuse, apologize等動詞之后/某些介詞后/某些習慣用語中，用動名詞的一般式就可以表示完成式的概念。例如：

having lent

I remember him some money before.

promising

having promised

He forgot me that.

After finishing his homework (=Having finished his homework) , he went out for a walk.

3. 動名詞的被動式

如果動名詞的邏輯主語為動名詞所表示動作的承受者，這個動名詞就要用被動式。例如：The problem is far from being settled.

動名詞的完成被動式往往用一般被動式來代替，以免句子顯得累贅。例如：

I still remember being invited(代替having been invited)by a famous artist when I was in Shanghai.

4. 動名詞與不定式作主語、賓語的用法比較

作主語：

(1)多數情況兩者可以互換。例如：Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.

Talking is easy and doing is difficult.=To talk is easy and to do is difficult.

(2)如果表示一種具體、短期的行為，或表示將來的行為，宜用不定式。例如：

It took him two hours to finish the work.

To be a scientist is his desire(愿望).[來源:Z#xx#k.Com]

(3)如果表示一種經常性、習慣性、長期性的行為，一般用動名詞。例如：

Getting up early is a good habit.

作賓語：

(1) 有些動詞跟不定式、動名詞作賓語皆可，意義也差不多，主要有：

begin, start,continue, love, prefer等。

(2) 有些動詞后只跟不定式作賓語，主要有：

wish, hope, expect, demand, refuse, decide.

(3) 有些動詞后只能跟動名詞作賓語，已學過的這類詞有：

finish, imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider, can’t help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, put off(延遲)=delay, suggest.feel like, look forwardto,devote…to(doing),be worth ,appreciate.

(4)有些動詞后跟不定式、動名詞意義有明顯差別，主要有：forget, remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on

A.forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事

forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事

=forget having done sth.

=forget to have done sth.

B.remember to do sth. 記住要做某事 remember doing sth.記住做過某事

C.regret to do sth. 遺憾(要)做某事 regret doing sth. 懊悔做了某事

D.stop to do sth. 停下(原事)去做某事(不定式作目的狀語)

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

E.mean to do sth. 決意/打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味/表明做某事

F.try to do sth. 努力/設法去做某事

try doing sth. 試圖/嘗試用某一方法做某事

G.want/need/require to do sth. 要/想做某事

want/need/require doing(=to be done). 需要/想要被…

H.go on to do sth. 繼續做不同的事 go on doing sth. 繼續做相同的事

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