來源:網絡資源 2021-12-20 11:45:51
初中英語--賓語從句專項復習
復習內容:賓語從句考點歸納
復習目標:
1、掌握引導賓語從句的各種連詞
2、掌握賓語從句的語序主句+連接詞+主語+謂語
3、掌握賓語從句,主句與從句在時態上的呼應。
重點:語序和時態呼應
難點:語序和時態呼應;與疑問詞+不定式的轉化;與狀語從句的辨析
考點梳理:
一、 賓語從句的連接詞:
1、 連詞that,只起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,也無詞匯意義,在口語中常被省略。
eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.
2、 連詞if 、whether,它們起連接作用,在從句中不作句子成分,作是否解,在口語中多用if。
eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情況下,if 和whether可以互換,但以下3種情況只能用whether:
①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.
②在介詞前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③與or not連用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3、 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which,連接副詞when, where, why, how, 它們起連接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意義
。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】1、由連接代、副詞引導的賓語從句可以和疑問詞+不定式結構轉化。
eg. I dont know how I should do with the presents. I dont know how to do with the presents.
2、要注意區分判斷由if、when引導的從句類型.
二、 賓語從句的語序:
賓語從句的語序是陳述語序,即連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分。特別強調:它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序,而不是疑問句的倒裝結
構。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( )
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在從句中的成分)
陳述句變為賓語從句時,要注意人稱和時態的變化,語序不變。 eg. She said, I will leave a message on the desk. She said
she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變為賓語從句時,也要注意人稱和時態的變化,后面接陳述語序。Eg. Where are the tickets? I asked him.
I asked him where the tickets are.
三、 賓語從句的時態呼應:
賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態,常常受到主句謂語時態的制約,此為時態呼應。如果主句謂語是一般現在時或將來時,從句謂語的時態不受
限制;如果主句謂語的時態是一般過去時,從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時態(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時、過去完成時)。
eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( )
【注意】當賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時,不管主句謂語的時態如何,從句都用一般現在時。
eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
四、 其他需要說明的問題:
1、 標點由主句決定,如主句是陳述句、祈使句,則用句號;是疑問句則用問號。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、 要注意個別句子中主從句人稱的一致。
▲五、 賓語從句和狀語從句的區分:
eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.
2) I dont know if the train has arrived.
句1中if引導的是狀語從句。這個從句表示條件,修飾主句。整個句子的意思是如果明天天氣好,我就出去。句2中if引導的是賓語從
句,充當謂語動詞dont know的賓語。整個句子的意思是我不知道火車是否已到達。
判斷方法:
1、可以從整個句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(個別除外),賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之后。
2、從引導詞看。if充當賓語從句的連接詞時,相當于whether, 詞義為是否,充當狀語從句的連接詞時,詞義為如果。when充當
賓語從句的連接詞時,意為什么時候, 充當狀語從句的連接詞時,意為當的時候
3.從時態看。if和when作連接詞時,引導賓語從句要注意:從句的謂語動詞的時態應根據主句的時態作相應的變化。if和when充當從屬連
詞時,引導條件和時間狀語從句,若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時,則從句的時態應用一般現在時表示將來。
e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship.
An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher.
They dont know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend
Could you tell me when (什么時候)the train arrives ?
Well go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow.
=If doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall.
They knew each other when(當時候)they were children.
=When they were children
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