各種數目概念表示法

句型［exactly等整數限制語+數詞（數字）］/［數詞（數字）+exactly等整數限制語］

1. The cloth measures ten yards exactly. 2. It is now exactly ten o'clock.

3. I shall be just eighteen years old on the 15th of next month. 4. It takes me three clear days.

句型［about等約數限制語+數詞］/［數詞+or so, more or less］

1. About twenty thousand people saw the match yesterday. 2. They opened up some 8,000 mu of land.

3. There are some dozen (of) people there. 4. It is an hour' journey, more or less.

5. The price of this new machine is in the neighborhood of one thousand Yuan.

6. During the past year or so, the production record of that factory has been raised to 200%.

7. I can't give you the exact figure, but in round number it was fifty or sixty Yuan.

句型［over等表示有余的限制語+數詞］/［數詞+and more等表示有余的限制語］

1. Big battle-ships of over ten thousand tons can be fully built in Shanghai.

2. He has lived abroad above ten years.

3. I have known him for more than (for upwards of) twenty years.

4. No fewer than (Not less than) two thousand people went to the park yesterday.

5. In old China the working day was not less than sixteen hours.

6. Our college students are now required to learn at least one foreign language.

7. There are fifty and odd (and more) pupils in our class.

8. There are children of three years old and upwards.

句型［…under等表示不足的限制語+數詞］

1. He may be under (below) thirty years of age.

2. The urgent work was completed in less than five hours.

3. The rent of the house is less than (no more than) three hundred Yuan a month.

4. It had been done for no more than ten days.

5. This old machine tool is used for at (the very) most fifteen hours a day.

句型［amount to等表示共計的限制語+數詞］/［數詞+in all等表示共計的限制語］

1. The total expenses amount to a hundred dollars. 2. The visitors totaled 2,500.

3. The expenditure sums up to (adds up to) $1,000. 4. We numbered twenty in all.

5. The various items foot up (come) to $2,000. 6. They were fifteen, all told.

句型［…increase/decrease等+from數詞+to數詞］

1. The number of draught animals in this brigade increased from 10 to 90.

2. The number of participants rose to 300,000.

3. The company has increased the capital stock from a million to 20 million dollars.

4. The population in this city has jumped above 3,000,000.

5. The members of the association have decrease (were reduced) to 300.

6. The population in this country fell to under 40,000,000.

7. The price of silk has dropped from sixteen to ten Yuan per Jin.

句型［…甲數+inclusive of / including+乙數…］/［…甲數+exclusive of / excluding+乙數］

1. The whole amounts to 500 Yuan, inclusive of the expenses 35 Yuan.

2. The delegation consisted of 15, including two interpreters.

3. Price 1 Yuan, postage included.

4. He has 1,500 Yuan in the bank, exclusive of the interest.

5. There were fifty people present, not counting the children.

句型［…表示按比例變化的限制語+數詞］

1. The trees are planted at intervals of twenty feet. 2. We take a rest at intervals of two hours.

3. I ask you to teach me every other day. 4. I went to Dover every third or fourth week

5. Write on every other line, or every third line? 6. We gave two to every four.

7. This tea is sold for eighty Yuan per Jin. 8. The car runs at the rate of sixty miles an hour.

9. I'll give you some pills to be taken two at a time, three times a day before meals.

年月日時表示法

句型［on+月份+序數詞(日子)+基數詞(年度)…］［in+基數詞(年度)+on+月份+序數詞(日子)…］

1. On April 24, 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made earth satellite.

2. He was born on March 15, 1977.

3. In 1921, the leading revolutionaries of China met in secret on a boat at Jiaxing on July 1st, and the Chinese Communist Party was founded.

句型［…at+鐘點+in the morning等, on+月+日…］［…at+鐘點+on the morning等of+月+日…］

1. We held a meeting at eight o'clock in the morning on the fourth of May.

2. He arrived at nine in the evening on the 3rd of this month.

3. We came to Tian An Men Square at seven o'clock on the morning of October.

4. At 09:40 hours on December 15, 1971, an Indian aircraft intruded into China's air space in Tibet.

5. Chairman Mao passed away at 00:10 hours on September 9, 1976 in Beijing.

6. Premier Zhou En-lai died of cancer at 09:57 hours on January 8, 1976, in Beijing at the age of 76.

句型［…at+基數詞(minutes)+past/to+基數詞(o'clock)…］

1. The meeting will be opened at five past seven. 2. He came here at a quarter to eight.

年齡表示法 　　句型［主語+be+數詞（限制語）+years old/years of age］

1. "How old is he?" - "he is just fifty (years old)." (= He is aged just fifty/ His age is just fifty.)

2. "What is his age?" - "He is towards fifty years of age."

3. "Of what age is your son?" - "(My son) eleven and a half years old."

4. "Guess how old Mary is." - "She is about between eighteen and twenty years of age."

5. The little one was five months old. 6. "How old is the moon?" - "She is fifteen days old."

7. "How old is the tree?" - "This tree is centuries old."

6. "How old is the horse?" - "The horse is over four years old

句型［…at the age of+數詞］/ ［…at +數字+(years of age)］

1. At the age of sixteen Darwin went to Edinburgh to study medicine and three years later to Cambridge. 2. He died at the ripe age of eighty.

3. She became plump at forty. 4. He graduated at twenty years of age.

4. Children enter school at the age of five, don't they?

句型［…of+數詞+years old (或of age)］［…aged+數字+years］［…數字+years of age］ 　　［…in one's+數詞復數］

1. He is a boy of eleven years old. 2. My elder brother is a man aged fifty years old.

3. They are all children under five years of age.

4. Children under 10 year of age are admitted at half price.

5. He is a young, gallant officer in his twenties.

6. The granny speaks as if she were a girl in her teens.

倍數表示法

句型［主語+謂語（double/treble）+賓語（增加對象）］

1. This country has doubled her annual output of steel during the post-war years.

2. In Hengdong County, its per-mu grain yield surpassed 800 in 1970, doubling that before 1965.

3. The enemy's force trebles our own, but we have wiped out the enemy.

4. Our opponents scored double our points.

[注] double 和treble也可以作不及物動詞用，如：The grains in our commune have trebled this year.

Wages of workers had more than doubled.

句型［主語+be+倍數+that of +被比對象］/［主語+be+倍數+as…as+被比對象］

1. In our area now the grain output is four times that before liberation.

2. In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January.

3. The per-mu yield of our village this year will count 2,400 jin, which is four times that of 1998.

4. By that time we shall produce three times as much grain as we did ten years ago.

5. This box is three times as heavy as that. 6. Beijing is ten times as big as my home town.

7. The gross value of industrial output of our area this year will be estimated to be 2.5 times that of last year.

句型［主語+ be+倍數/百分數+up on/ over/ +被比對象］ 　　［主語+ be+倍數/百分數+比較級+than+被比對象］

1. The industrial output of last year in our village was 250% up on that of 1986.

2. The grain output in that village was two times over that of 1988

3. The sun is a huge blazing ball, a million times larger than the earth.

4. This type of machine uses three times more fuel oil than that type does.

5. A good harvest of early rice was reaped on 400,000 mu, the output being 25 percent higher than last year's. 6. Agricultural output for 1974 is estimated to be 51% up on 1964.

句型［主語+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍數+compared with+被比對象］

1. By comparison with 1948, the foreign trade turnover of that country in 1957 increased 3.5 times.

2. The number of pupils in this city has increased 6 times in comparison with1990.

3. With the result of automation productivity has increased (risen to) sixty-six fold in that factory.

4. Now the industry of this country has attained over six times of the pre-war output.

5. Last year, the production of different kinds of farm tools in our factory increases (to) nine times, compared with 1999.

句型［主語+increase/rise等+(by)百分數+compared with…］

1. The output of July in our factory increased (by) 250% compared with that of January.

2. Many countries have increased their farm output by 100 percent or more within a short space of time.

3. Over the past 17 years, Daqing has increased its annual output of crude oil by an average of 28 percent.

4. In 2007 crude oil production rose 150% compared with 2005, fulfilling the company plan two months ahead of schedule.

[注1] by表示增加的凈數，也可用于倍數，如：It exceeded our estimate by 3 times.

The enemy's forces were more than ours by 4 times.

[注2] 注意下面成語所含倍數的意義，加again 表示增加一倍，如：

He has books as much (many) as she. He has books half as much again as she.

分數減少表示法

句型［主語+reduce等+賓語+(by)分數或百分數…］

1. The invention of many new tools in our factory has reduced the cost of production (by) one third, while the output has gone up (to) 160 percent.

2. The price of farm tools in our factory has reduced (或decreased) tow fifths.

3. It has reduced the amount by one half.

句型［主語+reduce等+(from)…to+分數或百分數］

1. At that time industrial output in that country had sunk (或 had fallen等) two thirds.

2. Agricultural tax has reduced from 12% in the early post-liberation years to five%.

3. By the end of 2006, the share of the private dealers in this city had fallen to 5%.

計量表示法

句型［主語+measure+數詞+單位+long等形容詞/ in length等］ 　　［主語+be+數詞+單位+long等形容詞/ in length等］［主語+attain+a length等+數詞+單位］

1. The tree is about sixty feet high (或in height). (= The tree attains a height of about sixty feet.)

2. She was tall, near six feet in height, but slenderly formed.

3. The bird is about six inches long and weighs three quarters of an ounce.

4. I found myself alone in a vast room, between two and three hundred feet wide and about two hundred high, lying in bed twenty yards wide.

5. "How wide is the river?" - "It's above ten meters wide (或in width)."

6. Last year the snow attained a thickness (或fell a depth) of three feet here.

7. He is 150 pounds in weight (= He attains a weight of 150 pounds).

8. The police searched all the fields and woods within a radius of two miles.

句型［主語+measure/be+（長度）數詞+單位+by+(寬度) 數詞+（單位）］

1. This room measures twenty feet by fifteen. (= the room is twenty feet in length and fifteen feet in breadth.) 2. The bed is six feet by four and a half feet.

3. "What size is that table?" "It measures three feet by three."

句型［主語+cost/ be worth+數詞+單位］［主語+be valued/ be rated+at+數詞+單位］

1. "How much is it?" - "It costs above ten dollars" (= the price of it is above ten dollars.)

2. This pen costs me five Yuan.

3. It's worth 12 shillings, but this is not worth more than ten shillings.

4. He valued the house for me at 350,000 Yuan.

5. This coat costs 20 dollars, but I don't think it is rated at ten.

加減乘除表示法 　　句型［甲數+plus/ and/ added to+乙數+is/are/ will be/ equals/is equal to/ makes/gets+和數］

1. How much is (或makes) two plus four? How many are two and four?

What are two and four? 回答：The total (sum) is six.

2. Two plus four equals six. Two and four is (are) six. Two plus four is equal to six.

Two added to four equals six. Two and four makes (make) six. Tow plus four will be six.

If we add two to four, we get six.

句型［甲數+minus/ less added to+乙數+is/ equals (或is equal to)+差數］ 　　［乙數+taken/ subtracted+from+甲數+leaves+差數］

1. How much is eight minus (less) three? What is three from eight? 回答：The difference is five.

2. Eight minus (less) three equals five. Eight minus three is (are/ is equal to) five.

Three taken from eight leaves five. Three (subtracted) from eight and the remainder is five. (five remains). Subtract three from eight and the remainder will be five.

句型［甲數+multiplied by+乙數+is/ equals (或is equal to) 等+積數］

[Multiply+甲數+ by+乙數+is/ equals (或is equal to) 等+積數]

[once, twice, three times…+乙數+is/ equals (或is equal to) 等+積數]

1. How many are three multiplied by four? What is three multiplied by four?

How much gives three times four? What is three times four? 回答：The result is twelve.

2. Three multiplied by four equals twelve. Multiply three by four gives twelve.

Multiply three by four, we get twelve. Three times four is twelve

[注] 1x1=1 Once one is one. 2x1=2 (Twice one is two.)

(a+b) (a-b)=a2-b2 A plus b multiplied by a minus b is equal to a squared minus b squared.

150x 2/5=60 One hundred and fifty multiplied by two fifths equals sixty.

One hundred and fifty times two fifths are sixty.

句型［甲數+divided by+乙數+gives 等+商數］/［Divide+甲數+ by+乙數+gives等+商數］

[乙數+into+甲數+goes+商數]

1. 8÷2=? How many is eight divided by two? How many times does two go into eight?

回答：The quotient is four (times).

2. 8÷2=4 Eight divided by two makes four. Divide eight by two equals four.

Divide two into eight and you get four. Two into eight goes four times.

[注1] 9÷2=4余1 Two into nine goes four times, and 1 remainder. Nine divided by two gives four, and 1 remainder.

9÷2=4 又1/2 Divide nine by two and you get four and a half. Divide two into nine and you get four and a half.

[注2] 加減乘除綜合式 (3+8-2) ÷3x5=15 Three plus eight minus two, all divided by three multiplied by five equal fifteen.

名量詞與不定量數目 　　句型［…數詞+名量詞+of+實物名詞…］

常用量名詞有：1. a glass of wine 2. a bottle of oil 3. a bowl of rice 4. a jug of tea 5. a cake of soap 6. a lump of sugar 7. a sheet of paper 8. a loaf of bread 9. a pair of scissors 10. a party of travelers 11. a bunch of flowers 12. a set of books 13. a suit of clothes 14. a drop of blood 15. a grain of sand 16. a mouthful of food 17. a handful of seed 18. a ray of hope 19. a crowd of children 20. a flock of sheep等。

1. Add three spoonfuls of water, please. 2. I want two pounds of butter.

3. May I offer you a glass of wine? 4. Please give me two sheets of paper.

5. I bought a new pair of scissors yesterday. 6. He took three bottles of brandy.

句型［主語+謂語+（賓語）+狀語（at a+名量詞）］

常見at a+名量詞的詞組有：1. at a time 2. at a blow 3. at a draught=at a draft 4. at a mouthful 5. at a stretch 6. at a bound 7. at a glance 8. at a sitting 9. at a stroke等。

1. I killed two flies at a blow. 2. The doctor saw at a glance that the child had measles.

3. The job was finished at a sitting (a stretch). 4. He leaped over the fence at a bound.

5. The students walked twenty miles at a stretch.

6. The Young Shock Brigade worked two shifts at a stretch.

句型［…one等基數詞+of +范圍詞］/［…不定量詞+of +范圍詞］［…定量詞+of +范圍詞］

常見詞組有：1. one of… 2. many of us (them…) 3. some of them 4. everyone of us 5. few of us 6. both of the sisters 7. any of these 8. most of them 9. all of us 10. a small number of… 11. a great number of… 12. a number of… 13. a great deal of 14. a lot of people 15. plenty of people 16. hundreds of… 17. thousands of people 18. a couple of…

1. Lei Feng is one of our country's great and glorious fighters.

2. He set an example to all of us. 3. Every one of us has great faith in the lofty cause of Communism.

4. We meet with a great deal of difficulties, but finally we overcome all of them.

5. Half of the semester has passed, and we are ready to meet a check in teaching and learning.

6. I received a couple of letters this morning. 7. A great (large) number of people believe it.

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