情態動詞

一. 什么是情態動詞?v.aux.

情態動詞是表示說話人的某種感情或語氣的動詞，用來表示請求，允諾，愿望，建議，命令，能力，需求或拒絕等情感態度。

常用的情態動詞有：can, may, must, should, will, need等。

二：情態動詞的時態：

情態動詞無人稱和數的變化;不能單獨使用，必須與其后的動詞原形構成謂語。

三. 情態動詞的用法：

1. can

1) 表示能力(體力、知識、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(體力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知識)

Jay Chou can sing a song. (技能)

2) 表示請求和允許。

-----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

3) 表示否定推測(驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態度)。

It can’t be her. She has gone to Beijing.

2. may

1)表示請求和允許。

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t./ may not. )

◆否定回答時可用can’t或mustn’t或者may not，表示“不可以，禁止”。

2)表示推測、可能性(不用于疑問句)。

He may be at home now, but I am not sure.

3)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! Wish you success!

3. must, have to

1) must表示必須。You must come on time.

2)表示有把握的肯定推測。“一定;肯定”

This book must be Danny’s. His name is on it.

3) must是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則強調客觀需要。

must只有一般現在時，have to 有更多的時態形式。

We must win the game by ourselves.

She has to drop out of school because of her poor family.

4)mustn’t “禁止”語氣較強烈。 You mustn’t talk in the library.

4. need

need 表示“需要”，作情態動詞用時, 常用于疑問句、否定句。

1) We needn’t hurry. There is still a lot of time. (needn’t沒必要)

2) ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

5. will

1) 表示請求、建議等。Will you pass me the ball, please?

2) 表示意志、愿望和決心。I will never do that again.

6. should

1) should表示“應該”，表示義務或責任。

I should help her because she is in trouble.

2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。

①You should go to class right away.

②Should I open the window?

7. would, might以及could

⑴would是will的過去式 第二人稱

①語氣比will委婉Would you please help me?(委婉語氣)

②可以表達意愿。Would you be nice to the students in the future? (表達意愿)

★would like sth. 想要…… would like to do sth. 想要做……

I would like some coffee with sugar. She would like to have some juice.

⑵might 第一人稱

①是may的過去式，表達可能。He might complete his work. (可能性)

②其語氣更委婉。Might I come in? (語氣委婉)

⑶could是can的過去式

①可以表達過去做某事的能力He could swim at the age of ten. (could是can的過去式)

②也可以表達委婉語氣。Could you help me? (委婉語氣)

但回答需用can的是適當形式。

---Could you help me? ---Yes, I can. / Of course. / No problem.

--- Sorry, I can’t. I am busy now.

★★★★注意：

①must引導的疑問句如何回答呢?

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must. (肯定回答)

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.(否定回答)

②need引導的疑問句如何回答呢?

----Need I wait for you at the station?

----Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

Exercises

一.根據語境，選用適當的情態動詞。

1. --_________(May/ Must)I come in? –Yes, please.

2. I am afraid that we __________(can’t/ can) give you an answer.

3. --_________(May/ Can) he speak English? – Yes, he can.

4. ---Where is Tom? –He ________ be in the office, but I’m not sure. (need/ may).

5. We ________ help the old cross the road. (need/should)

6. The girl _________(should/ shouldn’t) go out alone at night.

7. Children ________(mustn’t / can) play with fire.

8. ____________(Could/ Must) you tell me how I can get to the station?

9. You ___________(should/ can’t) write more carefully next time.

10. Must I return the books tomorrow? –No, you ________(mustn’t/ needn’t).

二.單項選擇。

( ) 1. you like to drink some milk?

A. Could B. Will C. Do D. Would

( ) 2. —May I take a seat here? —Sorry, you, it’s only for the old.

A. needn't B. don’t C. can't D. shouldn’t

( )3.—What will the weather be like tomorrow?

—It ______ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows?

A. must B. might C. shall D. should

( )4.—Look at that girl! Is it Susan?

—No, it _______ be her. She has gone back to her hometown.

A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t

( )5. The desk is not dirty. You _______ clean it.

A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t

( )6. You ______ wear sports shoes when you climb a mountain.

A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. have to

( )7. —Could I borrow your dictionary?

—Yes, you _______.

A. can B. must C. should D. will

( )8.—Fifty dollars for such a T-shirt! You _____ be joking!

—I’m serious. It’s made of silk.

A. must B. need C. may D. can

( )9.— Let’s go to watch a movie.

— Sorry, I _______. I have to go to my piano lesson.

A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.can’t

( )10.— Must I get up early tomorrow morning? — No, _________.

A. you mustn’tB. you don’t have to C. you can’t D. you need

( )11. –Honey. Don’t make noises. Your brother is sleeping. – ________. Mum.

A. Yes, I will B. Sorry, I won’t C. Yes, I won’t D. Sorry, I will

( )12. The sign says that we _________ smoke here.

A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

( )13. I have travelleda lot. I ______ speak four languages.

A.can B.mayC.must D. need

( )14. There’s an important football match today. I _____ miss it.

A.may B. can’t C. must D. needn’t

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