來源:網絡資源 2022-10-29 16:57:28
一詞性誤用
詞性誤用常表現為:介詞錯用為動詞,形容詞錯用為副詞,名詞錯用為動詞等。
例:
They earn some money so that they can independence.
他們掙錢是為了自立。
解析:independence是名詞,句中誤用為動詞。
改為:They earn some money so that they can be independent.
二修飾語錯位
英語與漢語不同,同一個修飾語放在句子中不同的位置,可能會引起句子含義的變化。這一點常被同學們所忽視,因而造成了不必要的誤解。
例:
I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
我相信我會做得很好,而且我將對校園外的世界有更好的了解。
解析:better位置不當,應置于句末。
改為:I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
三句子不完整
在口語中,交際雙方可借助手勢、語氣等來理解對方的意思,不完整的句子也完全可以被理解。可是書面語就不同了,句子結構不完整會令意思表達不清,這常常發生在主句寫完以后,學生又想加些補充說明的情況下。
例:
There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
了解社會的途徑有很多,比如可以通過電視、廣播和報紙。
解析:本段后半部分“For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.”不是一個完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨立成句。
改為:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
四主謂不一致
英語的謂語動詞在人稱和數上必須與主語保持一致。由于受漢語的影響,許多同學在寫作時經常忽略句子的主謂一致關系,從而出現錯誤。
例:
Once one have time, he can do what he want to do.
人一旦有了時間,他就能想干什么就干什么。
解析:one是單數第三人稱,因而本句的have應改為has;同理,want應改為wants,本句是典型的主謂不一致。
改為:Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
五指代不清
指代不清主要指代詞與被指代的人或物關系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致。
例:
1. Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因為她要她做她的伴娘。
解析:讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結婚,誰將當伴娘。如果我們把容易引起誤解的代詞加以明確,意思就一目了然了。
改為:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
2.We can also know the society by serving it yourself.
我們還可以通過親身參與、體驗的方式了解社會。
解析:句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為:We can also know the society by serving it ourselves.
六重復累贅
同學們在寫書面表達時應盡量做到簡潔:寫句子沒有一個多余的詞,寫段落沒有一個多余的句子。
例:
1. In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
盡管他很懶惰,我還是喜歡他。
解析:本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位語從句,我們可按照“簡潔”的原則加以簡化。
改為:In spite of his laziness, I like him.
2. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
對于勤奮善良的人來說,錢只是用來購買所需東西的工具。
解析:整個句子可以大大簡化,重復累贅過多。
改為:Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
七句子不連貫
句子不連貫是指一個句子內部前言不搭后語,或是結構上不暢通。
例:
The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
淡水是地球上最重要的東西。
解析:The fresh water與逗號后的it不連貫,it與things在語法上不一致。
改為:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
八結構混亂
句子結構混亂主要是受漢語思維方式影響而導致的。同學們在日常學習中應多加練習,培養語感。
例:
1. There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.
操場上有許多學生在打籃球。
解析:上面的句子中出現了兩個謂語動詞,不符合英語的語法習慣。
改為:Many students are playing basketball on the playground.
2. The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那邊的女孩來自一個大城市。
解析:一個簡單句中不能有兩個謂語系動詞,結構混亂。
改為:The girl standing over there is from a big city.
九句型單調,缺乏過渡
一篇文章如果簡單句過多,句型單調,即使語法錯誤較少,思路較清晰,看后也會使人感到乏味。同學們應學會單句、復句交替使用,經常變換句型,嘗試使用一些較復雜的語法結構及句型,適當運用過渡詞,使文章更加連貫。
例:
They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health.
他們每天睡眠少于八小時,這對他們的健康有很大影響。
解析:這段話中使用的全部是簡單句,句型比較單調,可以改為定語從句或加入插入語。
改為:Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will,no doubt, have great influence on their health.
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