來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-11-17 16:02:38
初中英語四大句式陳述句,疑問句,祈使句及感嘆句
A. 陳述句
初中英語對陳述句的考察主要集中在肯定陳述句和否定陳述句兩種。
a. 陳述句的肯定式。
I have already posted the pictures.
They are teachers.
I must go now .
He was reading a magazine at 10:00 yesterday.
b.陳述句的否定式。
(1)謂語動詞是系動詞be, 助動詞have, will, shall, be或情態(tài)動詞,只須在其后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。
She isn’t a teacher .
He hasn’t been to the zoo .
I can not sing .
(2)若謂語動詞是實(shí)義動詞,在實(shí)義動詞前加上do not,第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時用does not,過去時用did not。
He didn’t send me an message .
(3)由具有否定含義的詞never, nobody, hardly, little, few, seldom, too…to等構(gòu)成的否定句.
Not all the books in our school library can be borrowed .
B. 疑問句
英語中有四種疑問句:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。
a.一般疑問句:以一個助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、動詞be或have開始,語調(diào)為升調(diào),通常要求以yes或no回答的疑問句。
(1)一般疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu):
is, am, are, was, were+主語+表語
have, has, had+主語+賓語
can, may, must等+主語+行為動詞或be…
do, does, did+主語+行為動詞
shall, will, have, has+主語+行為動詞
(2)否定形式的疑問句,通常把助動詞與not縮寫,放在句首。構(gòu)成回答:
Aren’t you a teacher?
Yes, I am .(不,我是)
No, I am not .(對,我不是)
b. 特殊疑問句:以疑問代詞who, what, whom, whose, which或疑問副詞when, where, why, how開頭的疑問句。
(1) 如果疑問詞在句中作主語或其修飾主語時,其語序如陳述句。
Who is on duty today ?
Which book is me ?
(2) 如果疑問詞在句中不作主語或其不修飾主語,用“疑問詞+一般疑問句”形式。
Where have you been ?
c. 選擇疑問句:提出兩種或兩種以上的情況,供回答者選擇,并由or連用,但不能用Yes或no 來回答。
(1) 疑問句+選擇成分1+or+選擇成分2?
Do you want coffee or tea ?
Are you an Chinese or an American ?
(2) 特殊問句+選擇答案1+or+選擇答案2?
Who runs fast, Jerry , Tim or Lily ?
d. 反意疑問句:陳述部分+提問部分。
(1) 前肯后否,前否后肯
前后人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)要一致,疑問部分要用代詞
如果前面陳述句中有否定詞:hardly, little, few, never, nothing, none , nobody, not, no 等,后面疑問句應(yīng)該用肯定式。
My grandma used to be a teacher, didn’t she ?
(2) 陳述句部分是復(fù)合句時,提問部分的主語和助動詞要與主句一致。
He was reading when the teacher came in, wasn’t he ?
(3)在“I think(guess, suppose, believe)+賓語從句”中,當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時,附加疑問句的主語和謂語應(yīng)與后面賓語從句相一致;但若主語不是第一人稱時,則附加問句與前面主句一致。
I don’t think he can pass the exam, can he ?
He believed you had seen her before, didn’t he ?
(4)在含有情態(tài)動詞must 的句子中,若must 表示推測,提問用must后面的動詞。若must表示有必要時,用needn’t。若mustn’t表示禁止時,提問用must。
He must be surprised, isn’t he ?
You must go to Guangzhou, needn’t you?
You mustn’t parking here, must you ?
(5)陳述句部分為祈使句,疑問部分常用will you(表請求)。注:let’s 用shall we(包括說話人),let us 用will you(不包括說話人)。
Have a cup of tea, will you ?
Let’s go now, shall we ?
Let us go now, will you ?
C. 祈使句
可表示請求、命令、勸告、建議等。(省主語,動詞用原形)
(1) let + 第一人稱,第三人稱+(not)動詞原形。
Let me try another time .
(2) 動詞原形+其他成分
Listen to me carefully .
(3) Don’t (never)+動詞原形+其他成分。
Don’t look out of the window .
(4) Do+動詞原形+其他成分。
Do give him another chance .
D. 感嘆句
表示喜怒哀樂等強(qiáng)烈感情,句尾用“!”。What 修飾名詞,how 修飾形容詞、副詞。
(1) How + 形容詞 / 副詞
How hot it is today !
How smart the girl is !
How slow she runs !
How hard the boys are working !
How smart a boy he is !
How funny an monkey it is !
(2)What + 名詞
What a cold day it is today !
What an honest woman his mother is !
What small trees they are !
What good students the girls are !
What hot water it is !
What delicious dinner it is !
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