來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-12-05 19:29:00
動詞的分類的用法
按照動詞在句中的作用,英語動詞可分為四類;實義動詞,連系動詞,助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。
1、實義動詞(行為動詞)
實義動詞(行為動詞)說明動作或狀態(tài),能獨立作謂語,可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。
She types fast.她打字速度很快。He studies in this school.他在這所學校學習。
(1)及物動詞
及物動詞必須接賓語,才能有完整的意思,這可以有三種情況;
① 動詞+賓語 Her father enjoys warm tea very much in summer.她的父親夏天非常愛喝熱茶。
② 動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語Did he give you a present yesterday?May I ask you a question?
③ 動詞+賓語+賓補They call her "Little Li" They elected Bush president.他們選布什當總統(tǒng)
(2)不及物動詞
不及物動詞本身有完整的意思其后不需要跟賓語。例如:
His mother works in a hospitalShe stayed at home yesterday.
有些動詞有時用作及物動詞,有時用作不及物動詞,詞義有時相同,有時不同。
When did your father leave Beijing? He left yesterday.
記住下面這些可帶雙賓語的動詞
buy, bring, build, cook, cut, draw, find, hand, get, leave, lend,make, offer pay, pass, read,return, show, sell, tell, teach, write等。
記住下面帶賓補的動詞
① 要求名詞作賓補的動詞call, name, make, leave, think等。
② 要求形容詞作賓補的動詞want, keep, find, get, paint, turn, cut等。
2、連系動詞
連系動詞本身有意義,但不能在句子中單獨作謂語,必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語,如be, seem, look, become, get, appear, remain, feel, sound等。He is a lawyer. She looks very beautiful.
3、助動詞
助動詞本身沒有意義,只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等動詞形式,表示否定,疑問等結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞。常用的助動詞有:shall, will.have, should, would, do, be等。
I don't know where he is.(否定句)Do you have a dictionary with you? (疑問句)I have been to Shanghai twice.(現(xiàn)在完成時)There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.(一般將來時)
4、情態(tài)動詞
情態(tài)動詞表示說話人在能力、必要、義務(wù)或猜測等方面的語氣或態(tài)度,有自已的詞義,但不能單獨作謂語動詞,必須和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
如:can, may, must, would, should, need, dare, might, used to 等。She can speak English fluently.她能流利和說英語。You may take the book with you if you like.如果你喜歡,可以把這本書拿走。
Need we hand in our exercise-books before class?我們需要在上課前交練習本嗎?
There must be a mistake.準是弄錯了。You shouldn't do that.你不應(yīng)該做那件事。
情態(tài)動詞二要點
動詞原形跟后面,說話語氣較委婉。can表“能力”,may“許可”, must“責任或義務(wù)”, 否定回答needn't 換;“需要”need, dare“敢”,should“應(yīng)該”,would“愿”,have to“被迫”表客觀。
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