來源:網絡資源 2023-03-23 14:44:00
1.作主語。 如:
To learn English is very important.
但實際上不定式作主語常用 it來作形式主語,而將不定式移至謂語動詞后作真正的主語。
如上句可表達為:
It's very important to learn English.
2.作表語。 如:
My idea is to ring him up at once.
3.作賓語。 如:
I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.
4.作賓語補足語。
a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動詞后面接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
如: The policemen asked him to get off the bus.
b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
如: We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.
c. let, make, have這些使役動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。但在被動語態中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。
如: In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.
d.動詞help接動詞不定式作賓語補足語,可帶to也可不帶to。
如: Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?
5.作定語。
a.與被修飾詞有動賓關系。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動詞為不及物動詞,后面的介詞千萬不要省略。
如: Maybe they have three rooms to live in.
b.與被修飾詞有主謂關系。
如: Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.
c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關系。
如: I have no time to play cards.
6.作狀語,表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結果等。
如: I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.
7.不定式復合結構"for sb. to do sth" 作主語時,常用"It is +adj+ for
of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,
right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."
其他形容詞用 for。
如:
It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.
It's very kind of you to help me.
8.動詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。
如: I don't know when to start.
He didn't tell me where to go.
但上面結構相當于一個從句,故上述句子也可表達為:
I don't know when we'll start.
He didn't tell me where he would go.
注意:
a.有些動詞或動詞短語不能帶不定式,只能接動詞的-ing形式。
如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯過),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。
如: The peasants are busy picking apples.
Would you mind my opening the door?
b.有些動詞后可接不定式,也可接動詞的-ing形式,但意思不同。
如: Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒做)
Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經寄過信了)
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)
They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
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