來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-03-24 15:17:55
一、時(shí)間狀語從句
時(shí)間狀語從句表示時(shí)間,引導(dǎo)詞有:when, while, as, till, until before, after, since等。
時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞所表示的意思不盡相同,要注意把握不同引導(dǎo)詞所表示的不同時(shí)間關(guān)系,以及它在具體句子中對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等問題。注意:as(在……時(shí)候,因?yàn)?,since(自從,因?yàn)?,它們可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句,并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同事發(fā)生。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。例如:
(1)While my mother was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(read是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,read和watch同事發(fā)生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.
我喜歡踢足球,而你喜歡打籃球。(對(duì)比)(2)when(當(dāng)……的時(shí)候),引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞。從句動(dòng)作可與主語動(dòng)作同事發(fā)生,也可在其后發(fā)生。I was reading a book when she came into my room.
(come是瞬間動(dòng)詞,只能用when引導(dǎo),不能用while)I often missed my home when(while) I lived in NewYork.
(live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,when可用while代替)(3)when和while的區(qū)別還在于:while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句多用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句多用于一般時(shí)態(tài)。While they were talking, the bell rang.正在他們談話的時(shí)候,上課鈴響了。(4)as譯作“一邊……一邊”、“隨著……”,側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。有時(shí)可與when,while通用。We always sing as we walk.
我們總是邊走邊唱。(as表示“一邊……一邊”)As you grow, you will know more and more。
隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),你會(huì)懂得越來越多。
2.till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句till,until(直到……才):一般情況下兩者可以互換,但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。till不可以在句首,而until可以放在句首。注意:如果主句中的的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí),必須用否定形式;如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表達(dá)的意思不同。
例如:I didn’t go to bed until(till) my father came back.
直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。(go to bed是瞬間動(dòng)詞,主句用否定形式)I talked until he came back.
我工作到他回來為止I didn't work until he came back.
他回來我這才開始工作Please wait until I arrived.
在我到達(dá)之前等我。
3.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句Since(自從):引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,也可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),而主句的謂語動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is+時(shí)間+since從句的句型中,主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例如:I have been in Beijing since you left.
自從你離開以來,我一直在北京。Where have you been since I last saw you?
自上次我和你見面以后,你到哪里去了?It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.
我們老板離開北京有五個(gè)月了。
4.由before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句注意:(1)before(在……之前):引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定的謂語。(2)當(dāng)主句用將來時(shí),從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí);如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時(shí)。則主句動(dòng)詞多用過去完成時(shí),這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。(3)after(在……之后):表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。如果主句用的是過去時(shí),則從句多用過去完成時(shí)。
例如:It will be four days before they come back.
他們要過四天才能回來My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.
我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。After we had finished the work, we went home.
完成工作之后,我們回家了(從句用過去完成時(shí),主句用一般過去時(shí))
5.由as soon as ,immediately, directly ,instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute,等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句:這些連詞都表示“一……就”。
例如:I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早飯,我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I went to the school.
我一聽到消息,馬上趕到了學(xué)校。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
我一到加拿大,就給你來電話。注意hardly(scarcely,rarely)……when,before,no sooner …than相當(dāng)于as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)hardly,scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時(shí),主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。
例如:
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in .
我剛坐下,他就進(jìn)來了。
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