一、定義

在復合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語(包括非謂語動詞)、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。

二、狀語從句一般分為八大類

時間狀語從句 地點狀語從句原因狀語從句 目的狀語從句結果狀語從句 條件狀語從句方式狀語從句 讓步狀語從句

1. 時間狀語從句

When：當……時候,

通常指某一特定的時間點，主句與從句的動作同時發生。

When I opened the window, I saw him come up.

When：

正在……的時候，突然…。通常主句是進行時或 be about to 時，在翻譯的時候，when 可以譯成沒想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.

When 當從句是進行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.

When=afterWhen the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.

While

在……期間，往往指一段時間。While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.

：

While表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.

As：一邊……一邊, 隨著

She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

：

As當……時，指一個動作緊接著一個動作發生，從句通常用進行時。As I was going out, it began to rain.

The moment：一……就……

=as soon as , immediately,---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.

Not… until：

直到……才He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.

Before

在……之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.

After：

在…… 之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.

Since：

自從……, 通常主句用現在完成時I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.It is just a week since we arrived here. 一……就……Jack went to school as soon as he got well.

No sooner than

一……就……no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒裝Hardly …when…Scarcely …when…No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

Once：

一但……就……Once you see him, you will never forget him.

Every time, each time每次

whenever每當Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

引導狀語從句的連接詞有：If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 據……所知，in case萬一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…為條件

If：如果

If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.

Unless：如果不, 除非=if not

We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight

地點狀語從句只有兩個連詞: Where, wherever

Where：在……地方

Where there is a will, there is a way.

Wherever：無論哪里

Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.

because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 這六個連詞都用于表示表示原因, 但在語氣上一個比一個弱.

Because：因為,通常從句放在主句后.

Mr Smith was very upset because he couldn’t find his luggage.

As：因為, 通常放在句首

As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.

Since：既然 因語氣較弱, 常譯為既然(眾所周知的原因)

Since everybody has come, we can set off.

Now that：既然

Now that you are here, you can join us.

considering that：顧及到

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

seeing that：由于

Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided toput the meeting off.

引導結果狀語從句的連詞有：that, so that, so…that…

such…thatSo… that：太……以至于

so 后面應用形容詞或副詞, 有時省略so只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb噴氣炸彈.

So that：因而，以便，為了 有時so 可以省去

Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.

Such …that…：太……以至于

用法與so…that相同，但such 后面應用名詞。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.

引導目的狀語從句的主要連詞有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest等

(So) that：以便,

從句中常常使用一些情態動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.

in order that：為了,

與so that 相同從句中常常使用一些情態動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.

7. 讓步狀語從句

引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有：Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether等

Although, though：雖然

although 和though 可以互換，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒裝。Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.Though he did his best, he didn’t succeed.

As：盡管

as 引導讓步狀語從句時，句子通常倒裝。可與though 互換。Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.

8. 方式狀語從句

方式狀語從句常由: as

as：與…… 一樣

Do in Rome as the Romans do.

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