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來源：網絡資源 2023-07-12 17:31:34
考點、難點全剖析
— 現在完成時 —
一、現在完成時的含義
表示到目前為止已經完成的動作或存在的狀態。
二、現在完成時的結構
主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞
★肯定句
：主語+have/has+過去分詞done
否定句：
主語+have/has+not+過去分詞done
一般疑問句：
Have/Has+主語+過去分詞done
Yes,主語+have/has.
No,主語+haven’t/hasn’t
（劃重點，這個經常在單選中出現）
★過去分詞：
1、規則動詞：
規則動詞的過去分詞的構成規則與規則動詞的過去式的構成規則相同。
四點變化規則：
①一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ed”:
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
②以“e”結尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“d”:
live---lived---lived,
③以“輔音字母+y”結尾的動詞，將"y"變為"i"，再加“ed”:
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried
④重讀閉音節結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ed”:
stop---stopped---stopped, drop---dropped--dropped
2.不規則動詞
不規則的就只能靠自己去記憶啦!
建議在平時的學習過程中自己動手整理，發現一個就把它記到自己的整理本或者筆記本上!(注意哦，一定要記在一起啊，記得在筆記本上預留他們的專屬位置喲)
三、常見用法（重點）
1.表示過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，
有以下四大標志詞:
①already,just和yet
Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的幫助。
Hehasjustseenthefilm.他剛剛看過這場電影。(看電影這個是已經完成的)
Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他還沒有回來。(沒有回來，對現在造成了影響)
②ever和never
This is the best film I have ever seen. 這是我曾經看過的最好的一部電影。
He has never been to Beijing. 他從沒有到過北京。
③以動作發生的次數為標志
He says he has been to the USA three times.
④so far，before, recently, lately
He has bought a new car recently.
I haven’t heard from him Jane lately.
2. 表示動作或狀態在過去某一時刻就已經開始，且持續到現在，常與 for（+時間段）,since（+時間點），或 how long連用:
①for + 時段
Mary has been ill for three days.
②since + 過去一個時間點
(自從……以來)
He has been a teacher since 1998.
③since + 時段 + ago
He has studied English since 4 years ago.
④since + 從句(過去時)
I have lived here since I was born.
⑤It is + 時段 + since + 從句(過去時)
It is three days since he arrived here.
四、易錯考點+難點（重點）
注意：
1、表示短暫意義的動詞（即非延續性動詞）如open, go, come, arrive, leave, lose, fallleave, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成時，在肯定句中不能與for 或 since等引導的時間段連用，（因為它們表示的動作是短暫的，而時間段并不是短暫，所以不匹配）。
例：他到這里三天了.
(×)He has arrived here for three days.
(√)He has been here for three days.
(×)It is three days since he arrived here.
(√)It has been three days since he arrived here.
敲黑板，劃重點!
這一塊是經常會考到的內容，
一定要注意，
一定要注意，
一定要注意!
重要的事情說三遍!
那么問題來了，如果非要把非延續性動詞與一段時間連用要怎么辦??
嗯，這個嘛，其實有三種方法：
①非延續性動詞轉化為延續性動詞
非延續性動詞
轉化
延續性動詞
buy
→
have
come
→
behere
die
→
bedead
go
→
bethere
leave
→
beaway
arrive/reach
→
be
open/close
→
beopen/beclosed
wakeup
→
beawake
borrow
→
keep
②將時間狀語改為過去時間，并用一般過去時代替現在完成時。
如：SheleftChangchun2yearsago.
她兩年前離開長春。
③用“Itis+一段時間+since從句”表示。
從句中的謂語動詞用非延續性動詞的過去式
如：It has been three days since he arrived here.
他到這兒已經三天了。
2、現在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in ，
但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。
例如：
She has already come.她已經來了。
I haven’t read it yet.我還沒讀過這個。
I have met him before.我從前曾見過他。
I have often seen him in the street.我經常在街上看見他。
They have never been to Yan’an.他們從未去過延安。
I haven't seen him lately.我近來沒看到他。
3、have (has) been 和have (has) gone的區別：
表示“曾到過某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已經去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。
試比較：
Where has he been?他剛才到哪里去了?(已經回來了)
Where has he gone?他上哪兒去了?(人不在)
They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。(現在已經不在加拿大)
They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。
專項練習題
— 現在完成時 —
一、用since和for填空。
1. ____two years 2.____two years ago
3. ____last month 4. ____1999
5. ____ yesterday 6. ____4 o’clock
7.____ 4 hours 8. ____an hour ago
二、選用have, has填空。
1. I _______ told him the news.
2. She ________ come back from school.
3. You ________ won the game.
三、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空。
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4.— “Have you ________ seen the film?”
—“No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. — “Has the bus left _______?”
—“Yes, it has _________ left.”
四、單項選擇。
1. —Dad, where is mom?
—She______the supermarket.
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. is going to D. went to
2. By the time I graduate next year, I will____ here for 5 years.
A. live B. is living C. lived D. have lived
3. Both his parents look sad.Maybe they____what's happened to him .
A.knew B.have known C. must know D.will know
4. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A.joined B.has joined C. was in D.has been in
5. -Do you know him well ?
- Sure.We ____ friends since ten years ago .
A.were B.have been
C.have become D. have made
6.-How long have you ____ here ?
-About two months .
A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived
7.Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A.has begun B.had begun
C.has been on D.began
8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9. —Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
— Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. went to D. will go to
10. —____ you ever ____ to the US?
— Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been
C. Do, go D. were, going
五.用適當的時態填空。
1.She’s _____ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2.Both of them ____ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
3.Both of them ____ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour ____ (pass) since the train____ (leave).
5. Mary____(lose) her pen.____you____(see) it here and there?
6. ____ you ____ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty?
---No I ____ just ____ (have) some orange.
8. We already____ (return) the book.
9. ____ they ____ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I____ (not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. My father____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I____ (buy) a book just now.
六、翻譯下面的句子。
1.他還沒有回來。
2. 他們已經打掃了教室嗎?
3. 我們已經認識有二十年了。
4. 打那以后，她一直住在這。
5. 他這些天上哪兒去了?
6. 我已經完成了家庭作業。
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