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來源：網絡資源 2023-09-26 20:40:38
賓語從句講與練
(一)that引導的賓語從句
在以that引導的賓語從句中，從屬連詞that只起引導作用，在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有實際意義，在口語或非正式文體中常常省略。這種賓語從句的語序和正常的陳述句語序一樣，符合漢語的習慣。
a. 有很多及物動詞如say, think, know, hope, see,hear, remember, mean等后可跟that引導的賓語從句。如：
* Ithink (that) I’ve lost the key.
* Wehope (that) it’s fine tomorrow so that we can go hiking.
*Many foreigners say (that) the Chinese people are very friendly.
b. be +形容詞+that從句
在主句中為動詞be加某些形容詞如sorry, afraid, glad, sure等作表語時，后面可跟that引導賓語從句。如：
* I’mafraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
* Areyou sure you’ve lost the way?
注意：一些表示人的感情的形容詞如happy, glad, pleased, surprised, excited, sorry, afraid等后面可接不定式也可以接that引導的賓語從句，表示產生這種感情的原因。如果主句與從句的主語一致，可以直接接不定式，如果不一致，則只可用that引導的賓語從句。
如：
* Weare surprised to see you here. = We are surprised that we see you here.
* Theteacher is pleased that her students have made great progress in English.
C. 學習賓語從句的用法應注意的問題
a. 當主句為一般現在時態時，賓語從句可根據實際需要選用不同的時態。如：
* Doyou know (that) they are waiting for you at the bus stop?
* Ihear he has been back for two days.
b. 當主句為一般過去時態時，賓語從句也要用過去的時態。如：
* Ididn’t know that they were waiting for me at the bus stop.
* Wewere surprised that he had already finished his paper.
c. 當think引導否定形式的賓語從句時，習慣上應該將否定詞not移到主句中去否定動詞think，而think后面的賓語從句保持肯定式。如：
* (誤) I think you are not right.
(正) Idon’t think you are right.
* Idon’t think they can come in such bad weather.
Practice 1: 將下列漢語譯成英語
1.他考試及格了，我很高興。
2.我想她一小時后回來。
3.我知道那是真的。
4.那意味著小汽車不能進去嗎?
5.我告訴了他你昨天去了上海。
6. 那時英語老師認為我學習不夠刻苦。
7. 昨天李華告訴我他訂好了兩張機票。
8. 我對他剛才說的話非常感興趣。
參考答案：
1.他考試及格了，我很高興。
I’m very glad that he has passed the exam.
2.我想她一小時后回來。
I think she’ll be/come back in an hour.
3.我知道那是真的。
I know that it’s true.
4.那意味著小汽車不能進去嗎?
Does it mean that cars can’t go in?
5.我告訴了他你昨天去了上海。
I told him that you went to Shanghai yesterday.
6.那時英語老師認為我學習不夠刻苦。
At that time, my English teacher didn’t think I was workinghard enough.
7.昨天李華告訴我他訂好了兩張機票。
Yesterday Li Hua told me that he had booked 2 air tickets.
8.我對他剛才說的話非常剛興趣。
I amvery interested in what he just said.
(二)：由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句
所謂連接代詞和連接副詞就是疑問代詞和疑問副詞，如：who,whose, when, what, which, whom, where, why, how以及由how構成的詞組，它們在構成疑問句時叫疑問詞。在引導賓語從句時被稱作連接代詞或連接副詞。連接代詞或連接副詞在賓語從句中有含義，擔任相關句子成分，不能省略。
A. 連接代詞引導的賓語從句
連接代詞有：who,whom, whose, which和what。這些詞在賓語從句中擔任一定的句子成分，充當賓語從句中的主語、賓語、表語或定語等，具有一定的意義。如：
* Idon’t know who will give us a talk this time.
(who在賓語從句中作主語)
* Canyou tell me whom you are waiting for?
(whom在賓語從句中作介詞for的賓語)
* Sheasked whose jacket it was.
(whose在賓語從句中作定語修飾jacket)
*Please tell me what you’ve done.
(what在賓語從句中作動詞done的賓語)
* Idon’t know whose that watch is.
(whose在賓語從句中作表語)
B. 連接副詞引導的賓語從句
連接副詞有：when,where, why和how。在賓語從句中擔任一定的句子成分，充當賓語從句中的狀語，表示時間、地點、原因或方式等。如：
* Doyou know when they’ll be back?
(when在賓語從句中作狀語，表示be back的時間)
* Iwant to know where she lives.
(where在賓語從句中作狀語，表示live的地點)
* MrZhang asked him why he was late for school again.
(why在賓語從句中作狀語，表示be late的原因)
*Please tell me how you did it.
(how在賓語從句中作狀語，表示do的方式)
此外，包含how的詞組也可以引導賓語從句，這種詞組在賓語從句中也擔任一定的句子成分，充當定語、表語等成分。如：
* Heasked how far it was to the post office.
(how far短語在賓語從句中作表語)
* Canyou tell me how old she is?
(how old短語在賓語從句中作表語)
* Iwant to know how much all these things are.
(how much短語在賓語從句中作表語)
*Nobody can tell how many people went to the park today.
(how many短語在賓語從句中作定語)
C. 用于連接由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句的動詞或動詞短語：
see,say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, remember, forget, find out, show, choose等。
D. 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句的語序及時態
由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句本身為疑問語序轉變成賓語從句，要把語序調整為陳述語序。即：
主句+連接代詞/連接副詞+主語+謂語動詞+賓語+其它成分
這類賓語從句與主句之間的時態關系：
a. 如果主句用現在時，賓語從句根據自身時間狀語選擇事態
b. 如果主句用過去時，賓語從句用相應的過去時態。
如：
* Doyou know what day it is today?
* Canyou tell me when the train will leave?
* Iwant to know where the bus stop is.
*Could you tell how old your child is?
注意: 當連接代詞在賓語從句中充當主語時, 從句的語序不變。如：
* Idon’t know who took my dictionary.
* Iwonder what’s wrong with you.
*Could you tell me which is the way to the cinema?
E. 學習由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句應該注意的問題
當what, which, who(whom)等疑問代詞作賓語從句里介詞的賓語時，從句中的介詞不可隨意省略掉。如：
* 我不知道他們在找什么。
(誤) I don’t know what they are looking.
(正) I don’t know what they are looking for.
* 你能告訴我你們在談論誰嗎?
(誤) Can you tell me whom (who) you are talking?
(正) Can you tell me whom (who) you are talking about?
* 你知道她住在哪個房間嗎?
(誤) Do you know which room she lives?
(正) Do you know which room she lives in?
* 你知道他在聽什么音樂嗎?
(誤) Do you know what kind of music he is listening?
(正) Do you know what kind of music he is listening to?
Practice 2: 用適當的關聯詞填空
1.Itworried her a bit __________ her hair was turning gray.
2.These photographs will show you __________ our village looks like.
3.The teacher explains __________ this means.
4.“Please explain __________ you’re so late,” his boss said.
5.We’ll have our picnic in the Summer Palace. You know __________ it is, don’tyou?
6. Even the small children knew __________ FatherChristmas got into their houses.
7. Shirley likes __________ Linda likes.
8. I don’t know __________ I should put it, on the floor or on thetable.
9. Her mother doesn't know __________ the train arrived.
10.Iappreciate it ______ you bring some water and food to us.
I appreciate it ______ he brought us so muchwater and food.
答案：
1.that 2.what 3.what 4.why 5.where 6.how 7.what 8.where 9.when 10.if; that
if和whether引導的從句
A. if和whether引導賓語從句
if和whether是從屬連詞，表示“是否”的意思，可引導賓語從句，在一般情況下可以互換。if多用于口語和非正式問題中，whether多用于比較正式的問題中。一般疑問句作賓語從句時往往要用if或whether來引導，同時疑問語序要調整為陳述語序，時態也要根據主句謂語動詞的時態作相應的調整。如：
* Idoubt whether / if he will succeed.
*Nobody knew whether / if we were going away right now.
*Let’s see if / whether we can find out some information
about that city.
B. 只能用whether引導從句的情況
下列幾種情況只能用whether不可用if引導。
a. 在帶to的不定式前。如：
* Wehaven’t decided whether to walk there or not.
*They don’t know whether to take part in the meeting or not.
b. 在介詞的后面。如：
* I’mthinking of whether we should go to see the film.
* I’mnot angry about whether he will pass the exam or not.
c. 直接與or not連用時。如：
* Ican’t say whether or not they can come on time.
* I’mnot sure whether or not his answer is correct.
d. 在動詞discuss后面的賓語從句中。如：
* Wediscussed whether we had a sports meeting next week.
e. 賓語從句提前時只能用whether。如：
*Whether the news is true or not, I don’t care.
f. 在句首引導主語從句或表語從句時。如：
*Whether he’ll come to see us is not important.
* Theproblem is whether he can get them to the top of the hill.
C. 只能用if引導從句的情況
a. if不僅可以引導賓語從句還可以引導條件狀語從句，此時只能用if而不能用whether。如：
* Thestudents will go on a picnic if it is sunny tomorrow.
b. 引導否定概念的賓語從句時一般用if而不用whether。如：
* Heasked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
c. 引導狀語從句even if (即使)和as if (好象)中的if不能用whether來替代。如：
*I’ll send for you even if you don’t come.
* Hetalks as if he has known all about it.
D. 賓語從句中時態不受主句時態影響的幾種情況：
1.當賓語從句表示的是科學真理、客觀事實、格言或其他不受時間限制、影響、客觀存在的事物時。如：
*Long long ago, people didn’t know that the earth moves
round the sun.
* Theteacher told her students that practice makes perfect.
2.當賓語從句用來解釋、表達科技內容時。如：
* Ourteacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies is calledgravity.
3.當賓語從句表達一種反復出現或目前習慣性動作時。如：
* Hesaid he takes a walk after supper every day.
4.當賓語從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作在轉述時仍在繼續，表示現在時刻仍存在的狀態時。如：
* Shetold me the other day that she is only eighteen.
* Hesaid that his father is attending a meeting in Beijing.
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